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Bornaviruses, including Borna disease virus (BDV) and avian bornavirus (ABV), uniquely infect nervous systems and integrate into host DNA. This review covers their distinct virology and associated diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathogenesis

Context:

  • Bornaviridae are enveloped viruses with non-segmented, negative-strand RNA genomes.
  • The genus includes Borna disease virus (BDV) and avian bornavirus (ABV).
  • These viruses preferentially infect vertebrate nervous systems.

Purpose:

  • To review the unique virological characteristics of bornaviruses.
  • To discuss the diseases caused by Borna disease virus and avian bornavirus.
  • To highlight the persistent nuclear infection and host chromosome integration.

Summary:

  • Bornaviruses establish long-lasting infections within host cell nuclei.
  • A unique feature is the integration of the bornavirus genome into the host cell's DNA.
  • BDV causes Borna disease (meningoencephalomyelitis) in horses and sheep.
  • ABV induces proventricular dilatation disease in avian species, characterized by neuroinflammation.

Impact:

  • Understanding bornavirus unique replication strategy provides insights into persistent viral infections.
  • This knowledge is crucial for developing diagnostics and therapeutics for bornavirus-induced diseases.
  • Highlights bornaviruses as a distinct group among RNA viruses due to their integration capability.