Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Author Correction: In vitro characterization of the human segmentation clock.

Nature·2026

Same author

Association between same-sex partnership certificate schemes and mental health in sexual and gender minority adults: nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

Association between pharmacy medication reconciliation proportions and polypharmacy statuses in older adults.

The International journal of pharmacy practice·2026

Same author

Assessing leaky expression of Cre-dependent DNA constructs in the mouse genome using sensitive bioluminescent reporters.

Cell reports methods·2026

Same author

Hospital Nurse Understaffing and Patient Mortality, Readmission, and Length of Stay.

JAMA network open·2026

Same author

Changes in home-visit care utilization and outcomes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Comparison between patients with and without cancer.

Journal of epidemiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools

Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools

Published on: December 16, 2015

Visualizing developmentally programmed endoreplication in mammals using ubiquitin oscillators.

Asako Sakaue-Sawano¹, Tetsushi Hoshida, Masahiro Yo

¹Lab for Cell Function Dynamics, BSI, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|October 25, 2013

Summary

Mammalian cells can become polyploid through endoreplication, a process involving cell cycle regulators. This study visualizes ubiquitin oscillator activity in differentiating trophoblast giant cells and megakaryocytes, revealing spatiotemporal regulation during endoreplication.

Keywords:

Endomitosis Endoreduplication Fucci imaging

More Related Videos

Reconstitution of Cell-cycle Oscillations in Microemulsions of Cell-free Xenopus Egg Extracts

Reconstitution of Cell-cycle Oscillations in Microemulsions of Cell-free Xenopus Egg Extracts

Published on: September 27, 2018

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Published on: June 4, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools

Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools

Published on: December 16, 2015

Reconstitution of Cell-cycle Oscillations in Microemulsions of Cell-free Xenopus Egg Extracts

Reconstitution of Cell-cycle Oscillations in Microemulsions of Cell-free Xenopus Egg Extracts

Published on: September 27, 2018

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Published on: June 4, 2014

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Most mammalian somatic cells are diploid.
Some cell types, like trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) and megakaryocytes (MKCs), undergo endoreplication to become polyploid during development.
The cell cycle regulators geminin and Cdt1 control DNA replication licensing, and their levels are controlled by ubiquitin ligases APC(Cdh1) and SCF(Skp2).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the ubiquitin oscillators (APC(Cdh1) and SCF(Skp2)) that regulate normal cell cycles also function during mammalian endoreplication.
To visualize the spatiotemporal regulation of these ubiquitin oscillators in differentiating TGCs and MKCs.

Main Methods:

Utilized transgenic mice expressing Fucci fluorescent cell-cycle probes.
Performed long-term, high temporal-resolution Fucci imaging in custom-designed culture wells.
Generated three-dimensional reconstructions of polyploid TGCs from fixed mouse placentas.

Main Results:

Successfully visualized the reciprocal activation of APC(Cdh1) and SCF(Skp2) in differentiating TGCs and MKCs.
Observed that TGCs and MKCs skip cytokinesis differently.
Found variations in the reciprocal activation of ubiquitin oscillators in MKCs correlating with polyploidy levels.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrates that ubiquitin oscillators controlling normal cell cycles are active during mammalian endoreplication.
The Fucci technique effectively reveals spatiotemporal regulation of the endoreplicative cell cycle during differentiation.
This provides insights into the mechanisms of polyploid cell formation in mammals.