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Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View
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New, normative, English-sample data for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4).

Sheryl L Warttig1, Mark J Forshaw, Jane South

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This study establishes population norms for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) in an English sample. Findings reveal sociodemographic factors like health, social support, gender, and age influence perceived stress levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychometrics
  • Health Sciences

Background:

  • The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a widely used measure of stress.
  • Establishing population-specific norms is crucial for accurate interpretation of psychological measures.
  • Previous research has not provided updated population norms for the PSS-4.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide population norms for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) in an English sample.
  • To examine the relationship between PSS-4 scores and sociodemographic variables.
  • To compare current PSS-4 scores with previously reported data.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 1568 individuals from England completed the PSS-4.
  • Psychometric properties of the PSS-4 were assessed.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the influence of sociodemographic variables on PSS-4 scores.

Main Results:

  • The PSS-4 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in the English sample.
  • Sociodemographic variables accounted for 19.5% of the variance in PSS-4 scores.
  • Higher perceived health, greater social support, being male, and older age were associated with lower PSS-4 scores.

Conclusions:

  • Population norms for the PSS-4 are presented for the English sample.
  • Sociodemographic factors significantly moderate perceived stress levels as measured by the PSS-4.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering demographic context when interpreting PSS-4 scores.