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Endoscopic probe optics for spectrally encoded confocal microscopy.

Dongkyun Kang1, Robert W Carruth, Minkyu Kim

  • 1Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

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New spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) endoscopic probes offer high-speed, cellular-scale imaging of the esophagus. These miniaturized probes improve tissue visualization deep below the surface for potential in vivo gastrointestinal tract applications.

Keywords:
(170.1790) Confocal microscopy(170.2150) Endoscopic imaging(170.2680) Gastrointestinal(170.4730) Optical pathology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Endoscopic Technology

Background:

  • Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) enables high-speed imaging with simple optics.
  • Previous studies demonstrated feasibility for esophageal imaging but faced challenges in clinical translation.
  • Clinical use requires improved tissue imaging and significantly reduced probe size for luminal organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel SECM endoscopic probe optics for improved clinical applicability.
  • To address limitations in tissue imaging performance and probe miniaturization.
  • To enable high-resolution, in vivo cellular imaging of the gastrointestinal tract.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a custom water-immersion aspheric singlet (NA=0.5) as the objective lens.
  • Utilized a custom collimation lens and small grating to reduce probe dimensions.
  • Incorporated a dual-clad fiber for single- and multi-mode detection, achieving a probe size of 5.85 mm x 30 mm.

Main Results:

  • Achieved lateral resolutions of 1.8 µm (single-mode) and 2.3 µm (multi-mode), and axial resolutions of 11 µm and 17 µm, respectively.
  • Demonstrated cellular imaging of swine esophageal tissue up to 260 µm depth.
  • Visualized cellular structures like basal cell nuclei and papillae with the miniaturized SECM probe.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SECM endoscopic probe optics successfully overcome previous limitations.
  • The miniaturized probe is suitable for safe and comfortable endoscopic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • This technology holds promise for in vivo, large-area, cellular-scale imaging of the esophagus.