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Updated: May 6, 2026

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Membrane-targeted HrpNEa can modulate apple defense gene expression.

E Vergne, T Dugé de Bernonville, F Dupuis

    Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions : MPMI
    |October 26, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Fire blight protein HrpNEa (harpin) can trigger plant defenses. When targeted to apple cell membranes, HrpNEa modulated defense genes and slightly reduced infection frequency, suggesting a role in host immunity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plant Pathology
    • Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
    • Plant Biotechnology

    Background:

    • Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a significant bacterial disease affecting apple (tribe Maleae).
    • The bacterial protein HrpNEa (harpin) is secreted by E. amylovora and can induce hypersensitive response in nonhost plants.
    • HrpNEa possesses amyloidogenic properties, forming oligomers that disrupt membrane homeostasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological effects of HrpNEa within the host plant (apple).
    • To produce transgenic apple plants expressing HrpNEa with or without a secretion signal peptide (SP) for membrane localization.
    • To assess the role of membrane-localized HrpNEa in apple defense responses against E. amylovora.

    Main Methods:

    • Generation of transgenic apple plants expressing HrpNEa with and without a secretion signal peptide (SP).
    • Biochemical fractionation to determine HrpNEa localization within plant cells.
    • In silico analysis to predict transmembrane domains of HrpNEa.
    • Gene expression analysis of 28 apple defense-related genes.
    • Inoculation assays with E. amylovora to evaluate disease development and infection frequency.

    Main Results:

    • HrpNEa expressed with an SP localized to the membrane fraction, consistent with its amyloidogenic nature and predicted transmembrane domains.
    • Expression analysis revealed modulation of defense-related genes in transgenic lines with membrane-targeted HrpNEa.
    • Apple trees with high constitutive expression of SP-HrpNEa showed a slight reduction in infection frequency but no decrease in disease severity.

    Conclusions:

    • Membrane localization of HrpNEa in apple plants influences host defense gene expression.
    • HrpNEa acts as an elicitor of host defenses when targeted to the host plant cell membrane.
    • Targeting bacterial effector proteins to plant membranes offers a potential strategy for modulating plant immunity.