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Related Concept Videos

Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
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Microtubule Instability02:17

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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments01:35

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Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Microtubule Formation01:23

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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation...
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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Self-Assembly of Microtubule Tactoids
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Microtubule disassembly: when a sleeper is activated.

Bo Liu1

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|October 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Plant cells experiencing osmotic stress rapidly disassemble microtubules. This occurs due to phosphorylation of alpha-tubulin (α-tubulin) by the PHS1 kinase, a novel regulatory mechanism.

Area of Science:

  • Plant cell biology
  • Molecular plant science
  • Cytoskeleton dynamics

Background:

  • Microtubules are crucial for cell structure and dynamics.
  • Tubulin post-translational modifications regulate microtubule functions.
  • Understanding stress responses in plant cells is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of tubulin modifications in plant cell stress responses.
  • Identify the molecular mechanisms underlying microtubule disassembly under hyperosmotic stress.
  • Characterize the function of the atypical kinase PHS1 in plant cell cytoskeleton regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microtubule dynamics in plant cells.
  • Biochemical assays to study protein phosphorylation.

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Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends
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  • Genetic manipulation to assess kinase function.
  • Microscopy techniques to visualize cellular structures.

    • Main Results:

    • Phosphorylation of alpha-tubulin (α-tubulin) by PHS1 was identified as a key event.
    • PHS1 activity leads to rapid disassembly of cortical microtubules.
    • This disassembly is specifically triggered by hyperosmotic stress conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The PHS1 kinase plays a critical role in plant cell adaptation to osmotic stress.
    • α-tubulin phosphorylation is a rapid mechanism for microtubule regulation under stress.
    • This finding reveals a novel pathway for controlling plant cell cytoskeleton dynamics.