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Nosocomial pertussis in neonatal units
H C Maltezou1, L Ftika, M Theodoridou
1Department for Interventions in Health-Care Facilities, Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece.
The Journal of Hospital Infection
|October 26, 2013
Summary
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a significant source of nosocomial pertussis outbreaks in neonatal units. Early recognition, isolation, and post-exposure prophylaxis are crucial for protecting vulnerable infants from this preventable disease.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Neonatal Care
Background:
- Pertussis (whooping cough) remains a significant public health challenge globally.
- Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are vulnerable to nosocomial pertussis outbreaks.
- Premature infants and young infants in NICUs are at high risk due to incomplete vaccination and immature immune systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology of nosocomial pertussis in neonates and infants.
- To highlight the critical role of healthcare workers (HCWs) in transmitting pertussis within neonatal settings.
- To emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nosocomial pertussis outbreaks in neonatal units.
- Analysis of transmission dynamics, focusing on HCW involvement.
- Review of diagnostic and management strategies, including post-exposure prophylaxis.
Main Results:
- Nosocomial pertussis outbreaks in NICUs are frequently linked to HCWs.
- Transmission by HCWs can lead to severe illness or death in susceptible infants.
- Current pertussis vaccines may not confer lifelong immunity, necessitating ongoing vigilance.
Conclusions:
- A high index of suspicion for pertussis in both patients and HCWs is essential for early detection and isolation.
- Contact investigations and post-exposure prophylaxis are vital for outbreak control.
- Booster vaccinations for HCWs are recommended, but current vaccines may not ensure lifelong protection against pertussis transmission.
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