LOX-1: a male hormone-regulated scavenger receptor for atherosclerosis

Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a unique scavenger receptor that mediates the binding and uptake of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) by vascular cells during the development of atherosclerosis. Exposure to ox-LDL induces LOX-1 expression and LOX-1-dependent biological activities, such as activation of NF-κB, a nuclear factor important for signal transduction in inflammation. Accumulating evidence indicates that male hormones may regulate expression of LOX-1 and NF-κB as well as atherogenesis. Deficiency or low levels of the male hormone testosterone promote LOX-1 expression and NF-κB activation, while testosterone replacement therapy reduces the expression of LOX-1 and the activation of NF-κB, thereby protecting the arterial wall against atherogenesis.