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    This study introduces parallel transmit beamforming using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for ultrasound imaging. This technique achieves high data rates and excellent image quality in both fundamental and harmonic imaging modalities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Acoustics

    Background:

    • Pulsed ultrasound scanner data acquisition rates are limited by the speed of sound.
    • Parallel beamforming techniques, in reception or transmission, aim to increase these rates.
    • Existing parallel beamforming methods have limitations, especially for harmonic imaging and inter-beam interference.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To implement and evaluate parallel transmit beamforming using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on an ultrasound scanner.
    • To investigate the achievable axial resolution and inter-beam interference for both fundamental and second-harmonic imaging.
    • To overcome limitations of existing parallel beamforming techniques for high data acquisition rates and harmonic imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of parallel transmit beamforming using OFDM on an advanced open ultrasound research platform.
    • Evaluation of axial resolution and inter-beam interference using fundamental and second-harmonic imaging modalities.
    • Comparative analysis of OFDM-based parallel transmit beamforming against existing methods.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved axial resolution of approximately 2 mm with inter-beam interference around -30 dB for fundamental imaging.
    • Achieved axial resolution of approximately 1 mm with inter-beam interference around -35 dB for second-harmonic imaging.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of OFDM for parallel transmit beamforming in ultrasound.

    Conclusions:

    • Parallel transmit beamforming using OFDM is a viable technique for enhancing ultrasound imaging.
    • OFDM enables high data acquisition rates while maintaining excellent axial resolution and low inter-beam interference.
    • This approach offers significant potential for advancing 2-D and 3-D ultrasound imaging capabilities, particularly for harmonic imaging.