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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Standing Waves01:17

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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Shock Waves01:16

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While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
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Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

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Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
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Sound Waves01:01

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Sound waves can be thought of as fluctuations in the pressure of a medium through which they propagate. Since the pressure also makes the medium's particles vibrate along its direction of motion, the waves can be modeled as the displacement of the medium's particles from their mean position.
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Producing acoustic frozen waves: simulated experiments.

José L Prego-Borges, Michel Zamboni-Rached, Erasmo Recami

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
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    Researchers created acoustic frozen waves (FWs) using Bessel beams. These non-diffracting ultrasonic fields offer precise control over sound intensity patterns for advanced applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Acoustics and Wave Physics
    • Ultrasonic Applications
    • Nonlinear Optics (analogous phenomena)

    Background:

    • Traditional ultrasonic beams diffract and spread over distance.
    • Controlling the longitudinal intensity pattern of ultrasonic fields is challenging.
    • Nondiffracting beams offer potential for enhanced localization and stability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the generation of arbitrary longitudinal intensity patterns in nondiffracting ultrasonic fields.
    • To introduce and characterize acoustic frozen waves (FWs).
    • To explore the application potential of FWs in medical and technological devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Superposition of Bessel beams to shape ultrasonic fields.
    • Computer simulations to validate the generation of desired intensity patterns.
    • Investigation of annular transducer configurations for FW generation in water-like media.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully generated arbitrary longitudinal intensity patterns with high transverse localization.
    • Demonstrated the creation of non-attenuated ultrasonic fields with static envelopes (acoustic frozen waves).
    • Analyzed the influence of transducer aperture characteristics on FW pattern generation.

    Conclusions:

    • Superposition of Bessel beams is an effective method for creating acoustic frozen waves.
    • Acoustic frozen waves offer precise control over ultrasonic fields for specialized applications.
    • FWs hold promise for innovations in acoustic tweezers, scalpels, and medical ultrasound devices.