Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

898
Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
898
Multicompartment Models: Overview01:14

Multicompartment Models: Overview

716
Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
716
Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models

589
Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
589
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

360
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
360
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

492
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
492
Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

2.7K
Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Application of Virtual Twin PBPK Models in Individuals with Obesity via CYP3A4 Phenotyping Using Endogenous Biomarker Data.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

Boosting peptide half-life: enabling efficient generation of Fc-peptide conjugates.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Systemic Pharmacokinetic Principles of Therapeutic Peptides.

Clinical pharmacokinetics·2026
Same author

Virtual Twin-PBPK Modelling: A Step Toward Precision Dosing in Patients with Obesity.

The AAPS journal·2026
Same author

Pharmacokinetics of Racemic Eflornithine in Human Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid: Clinical Perspectives for L-eflornithine Against Human African Trypanosomiasis.

The AAPS journal·2025
Same author

Discovery of AZD4144, a Selective and Potent NLRP3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same journal

Optimizing Subcutaneous Antibody Dosing Regimens Through Operating Space Maps: rHuPH20 Case Study.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics·2026
Same journal

Mechanistic modeling of FcRn-dependent IgG drug interactions: Clinical applications and dosing implications.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics·2026
Same journal

Comparing heavy-tailed residual error models for outlier handling in population PK modeling.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics·2026
Same journal

Personalized prophylactic therapy optimization in hemophilia A using a hybrid PK-PD-TTE model and deep RL.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics·2026
Same journal

Pediatric oral cavity physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict pharmacokinetics of mucoadhesive atropine gel to treat sialorrhea.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics·2026
Same journal

Exposure-safety analyses of talazoparib in combination with enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the TALAPRO-2 trial.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in 3D Optical Imaging for Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment in Modern Research
06:48

Author Spotlight: Advancements in 3D Optical Imaging for Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment in Modern Research

Published on: June 7, 2024

2.4K

A modeling approach for compounds affecting body composition.

Peter Gennemark1, Rasmus Jansson-Löfmark, Gina Hyberg

  • 1CVMD iMED DMPK AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden, peter.gennemark@astrazeneca.com.

Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
|October 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mathematical models accurately predict body composition changes in mice and humans. The study highlights how energy intake and expenditure impact fat-free and fat mass, offering insights for disease research and drug development.

More Related Videos

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
10:28

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Published on: May 24, 2018

15.8K
Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas
03:07

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Published on: November 11, 2025

593

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in 3D Optical Imaging for Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment in Modern Research
06:48

Author Spotlight: Advancements in 3D Optical Imaging for Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment in Modern Research

Published on: June 7, 2024

2.4K
Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
10:28

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Published on: May 24, 2018

15.8K
Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas
03:07

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Published on: November 11, 2025

593

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Body composition and mass are crucial for understanding welfare diseases.
  • Accurate modeling of energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE) is vital for clinical endpoints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate mathematical models for predicting body composition changes.
  • To analyze the impact of drug mechanisms on energy balance and body mass.
  • To compare model predictions between mice and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mechanistic turnover model based on energy conservation, coupled with a drug mechanism model.
  • Incorporated an experimentally derived Forbes curve for female C57BL/6 mice.
  • Estimated model parameters with high precision (CV < 20-40%).

Main Results:

  • Model simulations predicted energy expenditure and fat mass changes under drug provocation.
  • Simulations revealed that increasing EI was more effective than decreasing it by the same amount.
  • Relative changes in body mass and fat mass were greater in humans than in mice.

Conclusions:

  • The quantitative approach enhances data interpretation and understanding of disease systems.
  • Findings support improved safety assessment and cross-species translation in drug development.
  • Recommendations are provided for optimizing model application and experimental design.