How to help children with neurodevelopmental and visual problems: a scoping review.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Developmental Pediatrics
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Children with visual impairment and neurodevelopmental conditions (VND) often require specialized support.
• Evidence for effective visual improvement strategies in this population is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review to identify and summarize interventions for visual improvement in children with VND.
• To assess the strength of evidence for various visual interventions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic search of 13 databases using a PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) framework.
• Inclusion of 107 papers from 4450 abstracts, with 42 focusing on interventions.
• Data abstraction and synthesis of findings from controlled trials, before-and-after studies, and case reports.

Main Results:

• Strongest evidence supports spectacles for improving distance/near vision and ultraviolet light for environmental modification.
• Suggestive evidence indicates training/practice routines can enhance acuity or oculomotor control.
• Existing interventions are available, supporting recommendations for vision specialist assessment.

Conclusions:

• Interventions exist to aid children with VND, validating the need for vision specialist assessment.
• Further research is required on the efficacy of training programs and environmental modifications to enhance visual function and engagement.