Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

65.0K
Overview
65.0K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

13.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
13.7K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

3.7K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
3.7K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

12.6K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
12.6K
Complement System01:27

Complement System

10.8K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
10.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Echocardiography-guided assessment of mouse cardiac transplant rejection improves model reproducibility.

Frontiers in transplantation·2026
Same author

Not all antibodies are created equal: total IgG glycosylation and severity of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation.

Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation·2026
Same author

APOL1-risk alleles modulate T-cell receptor signaling to promote allograft rejection.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

The Kidney-immune Axis: How Erythropoietin Regulates Tolerance and Rejection.

Transplantation·2026
Same author

When Chronic Kidney Disease Therapies Meet the Allograft: Lessons From Dapagliflozin.

Transplantation·2026
Same author

Beyond traditional roles: vitamin D and erythropoietin as immune modulators in kidney diseases.

Clinical kidney journal·2026
Same journal

Current Options for Kidney Protection: Are Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Still Relevant?

Seminars in nephrology·2026
Same journal

Proposed Role for Quantitative Podocyturia as a Clinical Marker of Systemic Endothelial Injury: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and Longevity.

Seminars in nephrology·2026
Same journal

Kidney Protection Options in 2025: Are Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Still Needed?

Seminars in nephrology·2026
Same journal

From Nephron Number to Global Health.

Seminars in nephrology·2026
Same journal

Chronic Kidney Disease Progression Mechanisms: Why They Matter in an Era of Novel Kidney Protective Therapies.

Seminars in nephrology·2026
Same journal

Of Diuretics, Transporters, and Mechanisms of Hypertension.

Seminars in nephrology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry
09:04

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: April 19, 2017

17.0K

Complement regulation of T-cell alloimmunity.

Paolo Cravedi1, William van der Touw, Peter S Heeger

  • 1Department of Medicine, Recanati Miller Transplant Institute and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.

Seminars in Nephrology
|October 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune cell complement activation drives T-cell responses, impacting autoimmunity and organ transplant rejection. Targeting complement pathways shows promise for therapeutic interventions in transplantation.

Keywords:
Allograft rejectionT cellscomplementcostimulationtransplantation

More Related Videos

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

13.8K
Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry
09:04

Measurement of T Cell Alloreactivity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: April 19, 2017

17.0K
In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

13.8K
Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • Complement proteins are produced systemically by the liver and locally by immune cells.
  • Immune cell-derived complement components, particularly C3a and C5a, activate spontaneously, influencing local immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of local complement activation in T-cell immunity and its implications for autoimmunity and allograft rejection.
  • To explore the impact of complement signaling on regulatory T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Studies involved complement deficiency or blockade, and genetic manipulation of complement regulatory proteins in mouse models.
  • Investigated the effects of complement anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a) and their receptors on T cells and antigen-presenting cells.
  • Validated findings in human immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Local complement activation promotes T-cell differentiation, expansion, and survival.
  • Complement deficiency or blockade attenuates T-cell-mediated autoimmunity and delays allograft rejection in mice.
  • Complement signaling via C3a and C5a receptors impairs regulatory T cell function and stability.

Conclusions:

  • Local complement activation is a critical driver of T-cell-mediated immunity and transplantation outcomes.
  • Targeting complement pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for organ transplant patients.
  • Findings in mice were confirmed in human immune cells, supporting clinical translation.