Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

615
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
615
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.7K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.7K
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.9K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.9K
An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs01:28

An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs

877
Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs typically raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. While they can induce feelings of euphoria, their misuse can result in severe health...
877
Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

1.7K
Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma...
1.7K
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

1.9K
Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trends in injuries over 20 years: a cross-national study of 954 298 adolescents from 31 European countries.

European journal of public health·2026
Same author

Problematic gaming, problematic social media use, and psychological well-being in adolescents: exploring networks of symptoms in 10 European countries.

Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health·2026
Same author

Song audio features are associated with the presence of alcohol references in popular music lyrics.

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)·2026
Same author

[Alcohol in the media, marketing communications, and consumption behaviors].

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same author

Will social media bans reduce the amount of substance use-related content to which young people are exposed?

Addiction (Abingdon, England)·2026
Same author

Daily-life posttraumatic stress symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions, and affect following the processing of positive memories technique: An open-label case-control daily diary study.

Journal of traumatic stress·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.2K

Exploring substance use normalization among adolescents: a multilevel study in 35 countries.

Sharon R Sznitman1, Tanya Kolobov, Tom Ter Bogt

  • 1School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Eshkol Tower, Room 705, Mt. Carmel, 3190501 Haifa, Israel.

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|October 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The substance use normalization thesis partially explains adolescent substance use, showing risk factors matter less in high prevalence countries for alcohol and cigarettes. Prevention strategies should adapt based on national prevalence rates.

Keywords:
AdolescenceAlcohol useCannabis useCigarette useDrunkennessSubstance use normalization

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.9K
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.2K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.9K
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Adolescent Psychology

Background:

  • The substance use normalization thesis suggests adolescent substance users report fewer risk factors in high prevalence countries.
  • Understanding how national prevalence rates influence the link between individual risk factors and adolescent substance use is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if national prevalence rates of alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis moderate the relationship between individual social/behavioral risk factors and adolescent use.
  • To evaluate the applicability of the substance use normalization thesis across different substances and countries.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the 2009/2010 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (N = 68,045, age 15) across 35 countries.
  • Utilized logistic Hierarchical Linear Modeling to examine the interplay of individual and national-level factors.
  • Differentiated analysis by substance type (cannabis, alcohol, cigarettes) based on prevalence rates.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of normalization for cannabis use was found due to consistently low prevalence rates across countries.
  • For alcohol and cigarette use (prevalence >40% in some countries), adolescents in high prevalence nations reported fewer risk factors, supporting the normalization thesis.
  • Partial support was observed, as some risk factors remained significant predictors regardless of country-level prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • The substance use normalization thesis provides a valuable framework for contextualizing adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use.
  • Selective prevention efforts are recommended, particularly in low prevalence countries, for effective risk identification.
  • Prevention strategies may need adjustment in high prevalence countries where traditional risk factor screening is less effective.