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Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
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Self-esteem, a central component of psychological well-being, is actively maintained through various cognitive and behavioral strategies. Individuals employ specific mechanisms to preserve a positive self-concept and mitigate threats to their self-worth, particularly in contexts involving social evaluation or personal feedback. Four primary techniques are commonly used to sustain self-esteem.Manipulating AppraisalsOne prominent strategy involves manipulating appraisals from others. Individuals...
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Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different...
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Reducing online identity disclosure using warnings.

Sandra Carpenter1, Feng Zhu2, Swapna Kolimi2

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.

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|October 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Written warnings effectively reduce online identity information exposure. The word "hazard" was most effective in preventing disclosure, particularly for sensitive data like driver's license numbers.

Keywords:
CybersecurityIdentity protectionWarnings

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Information Security
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Online privacy is a growing concern.
  • Psychological attacks exploit automatic human responses to requests.
  • Previous research indicates susceptibility to certain information requests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of written warnings in reducing online identity information exposure.
  • To compare the impact of different warning labels on disclosure rates.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental design was employed to test written warnings.
  • A psychological attack simulating information privacy breaches was used.
  • Warning headers were manipulated with terms: "warning", "caution", and "hazard".

Main Results:

  • All tested warnings significantly reduced information disclosure.
  • "Hazard" warnings were the most effective in deterring disclosure.
  • Warnings were more effective for driver's license numbers than email addresses.

Conclusions:

  • Written warnings can be a viable strategy to enhance online privacy.
  • The choice of wording in warnings impacts their effectiveness.
  • Further research is needed to optimize warning design for cyber-environments.