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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
73

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Cultivate Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells from Children and Reprogram into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Asthma epigenetics.

Muhammad T Salam1

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto Street, Mail Code 9237, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA, msalam@usc.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic variations, including DNA methylation and microRNAs, may link environmental factors to childhood asthma development. Research is exploring these epigenetic changes and their role in asthma pathophysiology.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental epigenetics
  • Pediatric respiratory diseases

Background:

  • Asthma is a common chronic childhood disease.
  • Epigenetic variations are increasingly recognized as mediators between environmental exposures and asthma.
  • Epigenetics involves heritable gene expression changes without altering DNA sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the influence of epigenetic variations on asthma pathophysiology.
  • To highlight methodological challenges in asthma epigenetics research.
  • To outline future research directions in asthma epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating DNA methylation: addition of methyl groups to cytosine in CpG dinucleotides.
  • Examining histone modifications: posttranslational changes like acetylation and methylation.

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  • Analyzing microRNAs: short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.

    • Main Results:

    • Many studies link environmental exposures implicated in asthma to epigenetic alterations.
    • Few studies have directly connected epigenetic variations to asthma development.
    • Methodological challenges exist in studying asthma epigenetics.

    Conclusions:

    • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for understanding asthma etiology and progression.
    • Further research is needed to overcome methodological hurdles and directly link epigenetics to asthma.
    • Future studies should focus on the role of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs in asthma.