Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

2.0K
Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
2.0K
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

1.9K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1.9K
Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

3.5K
Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
3.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.3K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.3K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

5.1K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
5.1K
The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

6.1K
Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
6.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Silyl-Triflate-Catalyzed Divergent Annulation of Isoquinolines with Ynamides: Direct Access to 2-Aminonaphthalenes and 2-Amino-1-naphthonitriles.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Synthesis and pharmacodynamics evaluation of cyclobutenamide derivatives against influenza a virus in vitro and in vivo.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Comparative value of novel inflammatory indices in predicting incident carotid atherosclerosis: SIRI outperforms other markers in a general population.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Risk stratification for gallstones based on 14 obesity and lipid-related Indices: a longitudinal cohort study of 44,030 Chinese adults.

Lipids in health and disease·2026
Same author

Hyperimonates A and B, a pair of unprecedented polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from <i>Hypericum monogynum</i>: Structural elucidation, total synthesis, and lipid-lowering activity.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B·2026
Same author

Digital biomarkers in the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder: a scoping review.

BMC psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

Published on: June 13, 2022

2.6K

Ynamides in ring forming transformations.

Xiao-Na Wang1, Hyun-Suk Yeom, Li-Chao Fang

  • 1Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|October 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ynamides are versatile building blocks that enable rapid synthesis of complex nitrogen-containing molecules. Their unique reactivity facilitates various cyclization reactions, offering efficient access to valuable cyclic and polycyclic structures.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

7.9K
Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

Published on: June 13, 2022

2.6K
Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

7.9K
Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Ynamides possess a unique functional group that activates carbon-carbon triple bonds.
  • The nitrogen atom with an electron-withdrawing group imparts both electrophilic and nucleophilic character to the alkyne.
  • This tunability allows for modulation of electronic properties and reactivity, establishing ynamides as versatile synthetic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey and assess recent advancements in organic transformations involving ynamides.
  • To highlight the synthetic power of ynamides for the rapid construction of complex molecular architectures.
  • To focus on cyclization reactions of ynamides for generating molecular complexity and accessing nitrogen-containing heterocycles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on ynamide chemistry, focusing on cyclization reactions.
  • Discussion of mechanisms underlying various ring-forming transformations.
  • Presentation of representative examples showcasing the scope and utility of ynamide reactions.

Main Results:

  • Ynamide transformations, particularly cyclizations, offer a powerful strategy for rapid assembly of complex structures.
  • Diverse reactions including radical cyclizations, ring-closing metathesis, metal-mediated cyclizations, cycloadditions, and rearrangements were showcased.
  • These reactions efficiently introduce nitrogen into or near newly formed rings, yielding valuable nitrogen-containing heterocycles and substituted rings.

Conclusions:

  • Ynamides are highly effective synthons for constructing nitrogen-containing cyclic and polycyclic systems.
  • The diverse reactivity of ynamides provides rapid access to structurally complex molecules relevant to natural products and medicinal chemistry.
  • Continued research into ynamide chemistry is encouraged due to its synthetic utility and mechanistic interest.