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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

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Depression: cognition relations after stroke.

Marc Hommel1, Leeanne Carey2, Assia Jaillard3

  • 1Université Joseph Fourier, CHU, Grenoble, France.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|October 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-stroke depression and cognitive dysfunction are common. This study found a strong link between executive function and working memory deficits and depression after stroke.

Keywords:
brainischemic strokelesionsneurologyrehabilitationstroke subtypes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Post-stroke depression and cognitive dysfunction are prevalent and independently predict poor patient recovery.
  • These conditions significantly impact the rehabilitation trajectory and long-term outcomes for stroke survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between depression and cognitive function in the subacute phase following ischemic stroke.
  • To identify specific cognitive domains most strongly associated with depression in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective recruitment of 207 non-demented patients with first-ever ischemic stroke.
  • Assessment using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery for cognitive domains and the Beck Depression Inventory for depression.
  • Patients had a Mini Mental State Examination score >= 23, with a median of 12 days post-infarction.

Main Results:

  • Depression was present in 30.4% of patients, with 89% exhibiting cognitive dysfunction in at least one domain.
  • Increased Beck Depression Inventory scores were associated with a higher likelihood of worsened cognitive function.
  • Executive functions and working memory were identified as the strongest predictors of depression in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The observed rates of depression and cognitive impairment align with previous stroke research findings.
  • A significant relationship exists between depression and cognitive deficits, particularly in executive functions and working memory, post-stroke.