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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Vaccines01:21

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Hepatitis C: is a vaccine the solution?

Bharti Mehta1, Vijay Kumar1, Sumit Chawla1

  • 1Department of Community Medicine; PGIMS; Rohtak, India.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|October 30, 2013
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection leads to significant liver disease, impacting millions globally. Developing a vaccine for HCV could alleviate individual suffering and reduce the substantial economic burden associated with chronic infection and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a primary cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Approximately 80% of infected individuals develop chronic disease, with a significant percentage progressing to severe liver conditions.
  • HCV affects over 150 million people worldwide, causing more than 350,000 deaths annually and imposing considerable economic costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global impact of Hepatitis C Virus infection.
  • To underscore the economic burden of HCV on individuals and societies.
  • To emphasize the need for preventative or curative measures, such as vaccines, for Hepatitis C.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and data synthesis on HCV epidemiology.
  • Analysis of economic costs associated with HCV infection, treatment, and liver transplantation.
  • Examination of the societal and individual impact of chronic HCV.

Main Results:

  • HCV infection has a high chronicity rate (80%) and leads to severe liver diseases including cancer.
  • Annual global mortality from HCV-related liver disease exceeds 350,000.
  • Current treatments are expensive, posing affordability challenges, particularly in developing nations.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis C Virus infection poses a significant global health challenge with severe long-term consequences.
  • The economic impact of HCV is substantial, affecting healthcare systems and individual well-being.
  • The development of a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine for HCV is crucial to mitigate disease burden and improve patient outcomes.