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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Mining the epigenetic landscape in ALL.

Lindsay M Lafave1, Ross L Levine

  • 11] Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. [2] Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenomic aberrations are crucial in cancer. Mapping epigenetic signatures in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) helps identify genetic alterations in human cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenomic aberrations play a critical role in cancer development.
  • Mutations in chromatin modifiers are frequently observed, particularly in hematological malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of mapping global epigenetic signatures.
  • To apply epigenetic data in a framework for identifying and characterizing somatic genetic alterations in human cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Mapping global epigenetic signatures.
  • Analyzing pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) samples.
  • Developing a framework to integrate epigenetic and genetic data.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully mapped epigenetic signatures in pediatric ALL.
  • The framework effectively identified and characterized underlying somatic genetic alterations.
  • Epigenetic signatures provide insights into cancer-specific genetic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Mapping epigenetic signatures is a valuable approach in cancer research.
  • This methodology aids in understanding the genetic landscape of human cancers.
  • Epigenetic profiling can uncover key drivers of oncogenesis.