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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

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Is the visual dorsal stream really very visual after all?

Stephen R Jackson1

  • 1a Korea University , Seoul , Korea.

Cognitive Neuroscience
|October 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The dorsal stream integrates spatial information for action, but the perception-action model (PAM) is misleading. Optic ataxia stems from an inability to simultaneously process different spatial representations, challenging current models.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Visual Processing

Background:

  • The perception-action model (PAM) offers a framework for understanding the dorsal stream's function.
  • Recent research highlights the parietal-occipital cortex's role in integrating spatial signals for gaze and reaching.
  • Optic ataxia is a condition associated with dorsal stream dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the perception-action model's account of the dorsal stream.
  • To propose an alternative explanation for the dorsal stream's core function.
  • To elucidate the underlying cause of optic ataxia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing neuroscientific evidence.
  • Analysis of the functional role of the parietal-occipital cortex.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

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  • Theoretical integration of multimodal spatial representation deficits.

    • Main Results:

    • The perception-action model (PAM) inaccurately describes the dorsal stream's primary function.
    • The dorsal stream's core function is the integration of sensory signals for dynamic spatial representation.
    • The parietal-occipital cortex is crucial for integrating multimodal spatial information related to gaze and reaching.

    Conclusions:

    • A deficit in simultaneously representing multimodal spatial information underlies optic ataxia.
    • The dorsal stream's function is better understood as multimodal spatial integration rather than solely perception-action.
    • This revised understanding reframes the neurobiology of visually guided actions.