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Updated: May 6, 2026

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Published on: July 27, 2021
Genotype-by-environment interaction in genetic mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci
R C Jansen1, J W Van Ooijen, P Stam
1Department of Population Biology, Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO), PO Box 16, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
This study introduces MQM mapping, a new method for analyzing multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genotype-by-environment interactions. MQM mapping offers improved resolution for genetic mapping compared to traditional interval mapping.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Quantitative Genetics
- Bioinformatics
Background:
- Interval mapping is standard for quantitative trait loci (QTL) genetic mapping.
- Current methods struggle with resolving multiple QTLs and genotype-by-environment interactions.
- Analyzing genotype-by-environment interactions typically requires separate data analysis per environment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel analytical approach, MQM mapping.
- To accommodate simultaneous mapping of multiple QTLs and genotype-by-environment interactions.
- To compare MQM mapping with interval mapping for genetic analysis.
Main Methods:
- Developed and applied MQM (Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci and Genotype-by-Environment Interaction) mapping.
- Utilized interval mapping as a benchmark.
- Analyzed quantitative trait loci for flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Main Results:
- MQM mapping successfully accommodates multiple QTLs and genotype-by-environment interactions.
- Demonstrated the application of MQM mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Provided a comparative analysis against interval mapping.
Conclusions:
- MQM mapping represents a significant advancement in genetic mapping.
- The new method enhances the resolution of quantitative variation into QTLs.
- MQM mapping provides a unified approach for complex trait genetic analysis.
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