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Gazing behavior and coordination during piano duo performance.

Satoshi Kawase1

  • 1Department of Music, Soai University, 4-4-1 Nankonaka Suminoe-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 559-0033, Japan, satoshikawase.psy@gmail.com.

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Mutual gaze and visual cues are crucial for piano duo synchronization. Performers looking at each other improved timing accuracy, especially during complex musical moments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Music Performance Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Coordination in joint musical performances is complex.
  • The role of visual communication, specifically gazing behavior, in musical synchronization remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of gazing behavior on coordination and synchronization accuracy in piano duo performances.
  • To differentiate the effects of mutual gaze versus movement cues on timing.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with piano duos under varying visibility conditions (invisible, body visible, head visible, face-to-face, movable head, fixed head).
  • Synchronization accuracy and timing lag were measured across conditions.

Main Results:

  • Performers engaged in mutual gaze just before moments requiring temporal adjustments, enhancing synchronization accuracy.
  • Mutual gaze reduced timing lag and modulated expressive timing (e.g., fermata).
  • Visual cues from movement facilitated synchronization, with free movement conditions showing less asynchrony than restricted ones.

Conclusions:

  • Mutual gaze is a key factor in reducing timing discrepancies between musical partners.
  • Visual cues, particularly head movements, are utilized by performers for precise synchronization.
  • Gazing behavior plays a significant role in the nuanced temporal aspects of joint musical performance.