Long-term cycling studies on electrospun carbon nanofibers as anode material for lithium ion batteries

Electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNF) have been prepared at different calcination temperatures for a prolonged time (12 h) derived from electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. They are studied as anode materials in lithium ion batteries due to their high reversible capacity, improved long-term cycle performance, and good rate capacity. The fibrous morphologies of fresh electrodes and tested samples for more than 550 cycles have been compared; cyclic voltammogram (CV) has also been studied to understand the lithium intercalation/deintercalation mechanism of 1D nanomaterials. CNFs demonstrate interesting galvanostatic performance with fading capacity after the first few cycles, and the capacity increases during long-term cycling. The increasing capacity is observed accompanied by volumetric expansion on the nanofibers' edge. Results of rate capacity have also been explored for all CNF samples, and their stable electrochemical performances are further analyzed by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). CNF carbonized at 800 °C is found to have a larger lithium ion storage ability and better cyclic stability than that carbonized at 600 and 1000 °C.