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Related Experiment Video

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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Kinesthesis can make an invisible hand visible.

Kevin C Dieter1, Bo Hu, David C Knill

  • 11Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester.

Psychological Science
|November 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Even in darkness, self-generated movements can create visual motion perceptions. This suggests the brain predicts visual outcomes of actions, impacting visual processing and synesthesia.

Keywords:
kinesthesismotion perceptionmotor processesmultisensory perceptionperceptionpredictive codingsynesthesiavisionvisual motion perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • Action and vision are linked, with movements typically having predictable visual results.
  • The brain's predictive processing of sensory information is crucial for perception.
  • It remains unclear if actions can actively generate visual perceptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if self-generated movements alone can create visual perceptions in complete darkness.
  • To explore the role of multisensory integration in kinesthesis-induced visual sensations.
  • To examine the relationship between these internally generated visual sensations and oculomotor control.

Main Methods:

  • A deceptive experimental design was employed where participants moved their hands in front of covered eyes in darkness.
  • Kinesthesis-induced visual sensations were compared between grapheme-color synesthetes and non-synesthetes.
  • The vividness of visual sensations was correlated with participants' ability to track self-generated movements.

Main Results:

  • Participants reported visual sensations of motion when waving their hands in darkness.
  • Grapheme-color synesthetes experienced significantly stronger kinesthesis-induced visual sensations.
  • The vividness of these internally generated visual sensations predicted tracking accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Self-generated movements are sufficient to evoke visual perceptions in the absence of external visual input.
  • Multisensory interactions, particularly in synesthesia, play a role in generating these visual sensations.
  • These kinesthesis-induced visual sensations function similarly to externally driven visual perceptions, highlighting predictive coding in the brain.