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Related Concept Videos

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Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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Full randomness from arbitrarily deterministic events.

Rodrigo Gallego1, Lluis Masanes, Gonzalo De La Torre

  • 11] ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain [2] Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

Nature Communications
|November 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates that imperfect random bits can generate perfectly random bits, confirming that initial randomness is sufficient for perfect randomness amplification. This breakthrough addresses fundamental questions about randomness in nature.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Foundations of randomness
  • Information theory

Background:

  • Classical physics posits determinism, excluding fundamental randomness.
  • Quantum theory offers probabilistic predictions, but true randomness requires independent certification.
  • Bell tests aim to certify randomness but traditionally require pre-existing perfect randomness, creating a circular dependency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if arbitrarily imperfect random bits can be used to certify perfect randomness.
  • To address the open question of whether any initial randomness suffices for perfect randomness amplification.
  • To provide the first protocol for full randomness amplification.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel Bell test protocol.
  • Utilizing arbitrarily imperfect random bits as input.
  • Certification of perfect randomness under the non-signalling principle.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration that imperfect random bits can indeed produce perfectly random bits.
  • Successful implementation of the first protocol for full randomness amplification.
  • Validation of the non-signalling principle's role in randomness certification.

Conclusions:

  • Initial randomness, however imperfect, is sufficient to certify perfect randomness.
  • The findings provide strong evidence for the existence of fundamentally unpredictable events.
  • This work has significant implications for quantum information science and the philosophical debate on randomness.