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Related Concept Videos

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

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P-MITE: a database for plant miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements.

Jiongjiong Chen1, Qun Hu, Yu Zhang

  • 1Department of Vegetable Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are widespread in plants. This study identified over 2.3 million MITE sequences from 41 plant species, revealing a correlation between MITEs and genome size.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are abundant in eukaryotic genomes, particularly plants.
  • Identifying MITE families is challenging due to their diversity and lack of homology.
  • Understanding MITE distribution and evolution is crucial for plant genome research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To de novo identify MITEs across a broad range of 41 plant species.
  • To establish a comprehensive database of plant MITEs for public access and analysis.
  • To investigate the relationship between MITE abundance, genome size, and plant evolutionary history.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computational tools such as MITE Digger, MITE-Hunter, and RSPB for MITE identification.
  • Integrated newly identified MITEs with existing rice MITE data.
  • Developed the Plant MITE Database (P-MITE) for data storage and retrieval.

Main Results:

  • MITEs were identified in 40 out of 41 surveyed plant species.
  • Over 2.3 million MITE sequences from 3527 MITE families were collected.
  • A significant positive correlation was observed between genome size and MITE sequence count.
  • Apple (Malus domestica) exhibited the highest number of MITE sequences (237,302).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a valuable resource for plant MITE research through the P-MITE database.
  • MITE abundance is linked to genome size across diverse plant species.
  • The P-MITE database facilitates further studies on MITE origins, amplification, MITE-derived small RNAs, and their roles in genome evolution.