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Psychopathy: cognitive and neural dysfunction.

R James R Blair1

  • 1Section of Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|November 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychopathy, a developmental disorder, involves emotional deficits and antisocial behavior. Research reviews cognitive and neurobiological factors, including brain regions like the amygdala and frontal cortex, contributing to its development.

Keywords:
amygdalaemotionpsychopathyventromedial frontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Psychopathy is a developmental disorder characterized by emotional deficits, such as reduced empathy and guilt, and an increased risk for antisocial behavior.
  • It is distinct from Antisocial Personality Disorder, which focuses solely on behavior rather than underlying causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cognitive accounts of psychopathy, focusing on attention and emotion deficits.
  • To examine the neurobiology of psychopathy, including key brain regions involved.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing data on adults with psychopathy.
  • Analysis of cognitive theories and neurobiological findings related to the disorder.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive accounts suggest primary attention or emotion deficits.
  • Neurobiological evidence points to dysfunction in the amygdala (reinforcement learning) and ventromedial frontal cortex (reinforcement value representation).
  • Potential difficulties in temporal and posterior cingulate cortex are also indicated.

Conclusions:

  • Deficits in emotional processing and cognitive functions contribute to the development of psychopathy.
  • Understanding these neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings is crucial for addressing the disorder.