Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Use of an Integrated Low-Flow Anesthetic Vaporizer, Ventilator, and Physiological Monitoring System for Rodents
06:57

Use of an Integrated Low-Flow Anesthetic Vaporizer, Ventilator, and Physiological Monitoring System for Rodents

Published on: July 9, 2020

5.7K

Assessment of pulse oximeter perfusion index in pediatric caudal block under basal ketamine anesthesia

Zifeng Xu1, Jianhai Zhang, Hao Shen

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, China.

Thescientificworldjournal
|November 1, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Pulse oximeter perfusion index (PI) can effectively detect the onset of caudal block in pediatric patients receiving ketamine anesthesia. This non-invasive method offers an earlier and more sensitive indicator than traditional vital signs.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Ketamine IV anesthesia is common in pediatric procedures.
  • Assessing caudal block onset is crucial for surgical success.
  • Current methods for monitoring caudal block may lack sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of pulse oximeter perfusion index (PI) in detecting the early onset of caudal block.
  • To compare PI changes with hemodynamic parameters (MAP, HR) during ketamine anesthesia and caudal block.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized study involving 40 pediatric boys (2-8 years) undergoing circumcision.
  • Group I received ketamine IV followed by caudal block with lidocaine.
  • Group II received ketamine IV only; PI, MAP, and HR were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Ketamine IV alone caused a significant decrease in PI and a transient increase in MAP and HR.
  • In the caudal block group, PI showed a dramatic increase post-lidocaine injection.
  • Hemodynamic parameters remained stable after caudal block in Group I.

Conclusions:

  • Pulse oximeter perfusion index (PI) is a sensitive and objective indicator for assessing caudal block onset.
  • PI offers an earlier detection method compared to traditional hemodynamic monitoring.
  • This finding supports the use of PI in pediatric anesthesia for regional blocks.

More Related Videos

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex06:04

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

8.5K
Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care14:28

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

Published on: May 10, 2024

2.9K

Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
1.7K
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
2.0K
Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
3.5K
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
1.0K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
1.1K
Assessment of apical pulse01:17

Assessment of apical pulse

Assessing the Apical Pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:
2.9K