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Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...

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Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome: rapid recognition and rapid intervention decrease the risk of mortality--a case

Stephanie Wright¹, Jeanette Merriweather

¹Department of Physiological and Technological Nursing, Georgia-Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA. swright3@aua.edu

Nephrology Nursing Journal : Journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association

|November 2, 2013

Summary

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a serious complication of hemodialysis that requires early recognition. Prompt intervention is key to preventing severe outcomes in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis.

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Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Neurology

Background:

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a critical complication of hemodialysis.
It is frequently undetected and under-reported in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, prevention, and management of DDS.
To highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention.

Main Methods:

Case study presentation.
Review of literature on DDS pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment.

Main Results:

DDS can lead to severe neurological symptoms and potentially fatal outcomes.
Early identification and management strategies are crucial for patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

Effective management of DDS requires understanding its mechanisms and clinical presentation.
Proactive strategies are essential to mitigate the risks associated with DDS in hemodialysis patients.