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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Prosthetics and Orthotics
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Transfemoral amputees often utilize microprocessor-controlled exoprosthetic knee joints (MPKs) to restore ambulation.
    • Evaluating the functional mechanisms and gait performance of different MPKs is crucial for optimizing prosthetic limb technology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comparatively analyze the gait performance and functional mechanisms of four distinct MPKs: C-Leg, Orion, Plié2.0, and Rel-K.
    • To correlate objective gait measures with the engineering design of each MPK for transfemoral amputees.

    Main Methods:

    • Three transfemoral amputee subjects participated in a motion analysis laboratory study.
    • Objective gait measures were collected during level walking at various speeds.
    • Technical analyses, including X-ray computed tomography, were performed to examine MPK functional mechanisms.

    Main Results:

    • The C-Leg exhibited a maximum knee flexion angle closest to the contralateral knee, indicating more natural movement.
    • The C-Leg required the lowest minimum hip moment for swing phase initiation, suggesting reduced muscular effort.
    • Plié2.0 and Rel-K showed abrupt terminal stance phase extension, potentially due to a lack of microprocessor control over extension resistance.

    Conclusions:

    • The C-Leg demonstrated superior gait performance among the tested MPKs, closely matching natural knee motion and minimizing muscular effort.
    • The Plié2.0's flexion resistance was not consistently microprocessor-controlled across different walking velocities.
    • Understanding the interplay between MPK design and gait mechanics is essential for improving prosthetic knee function.