Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

14.6K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
14.6K
Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

6.5K
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
6.5K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

1.8K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.8K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

65.0K
Overview
65.0K
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

3.4K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Expression of lymphocyte-derived growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone receptors in aging rats.

Cellular immunology·2013
Same author

Hypoxia and cytoplasmic alkalinization upregulate growth hormone expression in lymphocytes.

Cellular immunology·2013
Same author

High molecular weight isoforms of growth hormone in cells of the immune system.

Cellular immunology·2011
Same author

Regulation of Id2 expression in EL4 T lymphoma cells overexpressing growth hormone.

Cellular immunology·2008
Same author

Protein hormones and immunity.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2007
Same author

TGF-beta1 expression in EL4 lymphoma cells overexpressing growth hormone.

Cellular immunology·2006

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
07:07

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

Published on: June 27, 2020

4.6K

Lymphocyte GH-axis hormones in immunity.

Douglas A Weigent1

  • 1Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., MCLM894, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, United States.

Cellular Immunology
|November 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The immune and neuroendocrine systems communicate using shared molecules, with growth hormone (GH) playing a key role in immune function. Immune cells produce GH, influencing immunity through various pathways, though intracellular mechanisms require further exploration.

Keywords:
Growth hormoneGrowth hormone releasing hormoneIGF-1Lymphocytes

More Related Videos

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor GM-CSF-producing T Helper THGM Cells
10:27

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor GM-CSF-producing T Helper THGM Cells

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.6K
Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
07:07

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

Published on: June 27, 2020

4.6K
In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor GM-CSF-producing T Helper THGM Cells
10:27

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor GM-CSF-producing T Helper THGM Cells

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.6K
Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Immune and neuroendocrine systems share ligands and receptors, forming a biochemical communication circuit.
  • The immune system acts as a 'sixth sense,' alerting the nervous system to foreign entities.
  • Neuroendocrine hormones influence immune cell function, and immune cells can produce neuroendocrine hormones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interplay between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, focusing on growth hormone (GH).
  • To highlight the known actions of GH on the immune system and the emerging role of immune cell-derived GH.
  • To discuss the production and function of GH, GHRH, and IGF-1 within the immune system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular and cellular actions of GH.
  • Analysis of endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and intracrine pathways of GH, GHRH, and IGF-1 signaling in immune cells.
  • Discussion of current knowledge gaps regarding immune cell-derived GH.

Main Results:

  • GH significantly influences immune system function at molecular and cellular levels.
  • Immune cells produce GH, GHRH, and IGF-1, impacting immune responses.
  • Evidence suggests immune cell-derived GH plays a crucial role in immunity.

Conclusions:

  • GH is a critical mediator between the neuroendocrine and immune systems.
  • Immune cell-derived GH represents a significant, yet underexplored, factor in immune regulation.
  • Further research into intracellular mechanisms of immune cell GH is warranted to understand its physiological and pathological roles.