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01:18Dihybrid Crosses
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02:27Trihybrid Crosses
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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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01:49Law of Segregation
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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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01:35Pedigree Analysis
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01:43Incomplete Dominance
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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01:20Monohybrid Crosses
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RFLP inheritance and linkage in walnut.
1National Forage Seed Production Research Center, USDA/ARS, 3450 Campus Way, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Summary
Researchers developed a molecular-marker linkage map for walnut using DNA clones. This map helps understand walnut genome size and marker distribution for future genetic studies.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Plant Genomics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Developing molecular markers is crucial for understanding complex plant genomes.
- Walnut (Juglans sp.) genetics research requires robust mapping tools for genetic improvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To construct a molecular-marker linkage map for walnut using RFLP loci.
- To estimate the overall walnut genome size and marker density requirements.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 32 low-copy-number genomic DNA clones from a walnut Pst I library.
- Analyzed 63 backcross progeny from an interspecific cross for parental polymorphism.
- Employed RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis to identify and map loci.
Main Results:
- Established 12 linkage groups using 42 RFLP loci.
- Identified duplicated, unlinked loci in 66% of cloned sequences.
- Calculated an approximate walnut genome length of 1660 cM.
Conclusions:
- The developed linkage map provides a foundational tool for walnut genetic research.
- Estimated that 138 markers are needed for 95% genome coverage at 20 cM intervals.
- This map aids in future efforts for walnut breeding and genetic studies.