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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
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Distinct patterns of genetic variations in potential functional elements in long noncoding RNAs.

Deeksha Bhartiya1, Saakshi Jalali, Sourav Ghosh

  • 1GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, Delhi, 110001, India.

Human Mutation
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Summary

This study analyzes genomic variations in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a key class of regulatory RNAs. Findings reveal distinct variation patterns and selection signals within lncRNA functional domains, improving understanding of their roles.

Keywords:
diseasegenomelong noncoding RNAsvariation

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Non-protein-coding RNAs, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are crucial for gene expression regulation.
  • The functions of most lncRNAs remain largely uncharacterized despite their abundance.
  • Genome-wide association studies increasingly identify variants within lncRNA loci.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze genomic variations within lncRNA loci.
  • To investigate the distribution of these variations concerning functional domains.
  • To explore signals of selection and allele frequencies in lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genome-scale variation datasets.
  • Examination of variation patterns and distributions relative to lncRNA functional domains.
  • Assessment of selection signals and allele frequencies.

Main Results:

  • Distinct patterns of genomic variation were observed across different lncRNA subclasses and functional domains.
  • Identification of specific selection signals and allele frequency distributions within prioritized lncRNAs.
  • The study provides a large-scale, comprehensive analysis of genetic variations in lncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic variations in lncRNAs exhibit non-random distribution patterns related to their functional elements.
  • Understanding these variations is critical for elucidating lncRNA functions and evolutionary roles.
  • This work represents a foundational, large-scale investigation into genetic variation within the lncRNA gene family.