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Related Concept Videos

Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
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Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

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Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
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Larynx01:21

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
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Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

Published on: September 19, 2015

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Cleft palate.

Tomasz R Kosowski1, William M Weathers, Erik M Wolfswinkel

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.

Seminars in Plastic Surgery
|November 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cleft palate repair requires surgeons to restore palate function for speech. Collaboration with speech pathologists is crucial for managing children

Keywords:
cleft palatecongenitalvelopharyngeal insufficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery and speech-language pathology.

Background:

  • Cleft palate management has advanced significantly.
  • Understanding long-term consequences is key.
  • Restoring palate function for speech is a primary challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize challenges in cleft palate management.
  • To outline goals for effective cleft palate treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge.
  • Analysis of surgical and speech pathology approaches.

Main Results:

  • Effective cleft palate repair necessitates functional restoration for speech.
  • Early and ongoing coordination with speech pathologists is vital.
  • Multidisciplinary management optimizes outcomes for children.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive cleft palate management integrates surgical repair with speech rehabilitation.
  • Achieving adequate speech function is a critical goal.
  • Continued research and collaboration are essential for improving patient care.