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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

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Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
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Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors01:30

Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors

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Growth media provide essential nutrients that support cell growth and metabolism, thereby enhancing the yield of valuable products such as enzymes, antibiotics, and biomass. Designing an effective growth medium involves balancing all components to prevent nutrient limitations or toxic excesses, both of which can impair growth and reduce product yields.Composition of a Typical Growth MediumA typical growth medium contains carbon and nitrogen sources, salts, vitamins, trace elements, and...
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Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

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In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
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Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Production of Human Neurogenin 2-Inducible Neurons in a Three-Dimensional Suspension Bioreactor
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Engineering stem cell niches in bioreactors.

Meimei Liu1, Ning Liu, Ru Zang

  • 1Meimei Liu, Ning Liu, Ru Zang, Shang-Tian Yang, William G Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.

World Journal of Stem Cells
|November 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bioreactor engineering precisely controls stem cell niches, optimizing expansion and differentiation for cell therapies. This technology is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine and drug discovery.

Keywords:
BioreactorDifferentiationMicroenvironmentMicrofluidicsStem cell engineering

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Author Spotlight: EasyFlow - An Economical and Adaptable Perfusion Bioreactor for Large Blood Vessel Culture
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Stem cells (embryonic, induced pluripotent, mesenchymal, amniotic fluid) can differentiate into diverse cell types.
  • Efficient stem cell differentiation is vital for cell therapy, tissue engineering, drug discovery, and disease modeling.
  • The stem cell microenvironment, or "niche," significantly influences cell fate decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review bioreactor engineering's role in modulating stem cell niches.
  • To highlight key niche factors controllable in bioreactors and their impact on stem cell engineering.
  • To underscore the potential of bioreactors for advancing stem cell applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on bioreactor technology and stem cell niche factors.
  • Analysis of how bioreactor parameters (oxygen, ECM, signaling, physical forces) influence stem cell fate.
  • Discussion of microfluidic devices and microbioreactors for precise microenvironment control.

Main Results:

  • Bioreactors offer a platform to regulate critical niche factors, enhancing stem cell expansion and differentiation.
  • Precise control over oxygen, extracellular matrix, paracrine/autocrine signaling, and physical forces is achievable.
  • Microfluidic devices and microbioreactors enable fine-tuning of stem cell niches via flow rates and gradients.

Conclusions:

  • Bioreactor engineering is essential for modulating stem cell niches to achieve desired outcomes.
  • Optimized stem cell niches in bioreactors facilitate applications in cell-based biomedicines.
  • Advanced bioreactor designs hold significant promise for stem cell expansion, differentiation, and therapeutic use.