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Comparing passive source localization and tracking approaches with a towed horizontal receiver array in an ocean

Zheng Gong1, Duong D Tran, Purnima Ratilal

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|November 5, 2013
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This study evaluates passive source localization techniques in ocean environments. Moving array triangulation and Kalman filters offer accurate tracking of underwater acoustic sources.

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean acoustics
  • Passive sonar systems
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • Underwater acoustic source localization is crucial for naval applications.
  • Ocean waveguides present complex environments for acoustic propagation.
  • Passive systems offer advantages in covert operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and compare various passive source localization methods.
  • To evaluate localization accuracy under different source-receiver geometries.
  • To determine the effectiveness of these methods in a realistic ocean experiment.

Main Methods:

  • Moving array triangulation
  • Array invariant techniques
  • Bearings-only target motion analysis using extended Kalman filter
  • Bearings-migration minimum mean-square error
  • Nonlinear matched-filter kernel for signal enhancement

Main Results:

  • Localization accuracy is highly dependent on geometry and method.
  • Moving array triangulation achieved <3% error for near-stationary sources (broadside).
  • Kalman filter yielded 5.5% error for moving sources.
  • Array invariant method showed 7% error for endfire sources.

Conclusions:

  • Different passive localization techniques have varying performance.
  • Method selection should consider source dynamics and array geometry.
  • Advanced signal processing enhances localization performance in challenging environments.