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Updated: May 6, 2026

Measurement of Maximum Isometric Force Generated by Permeabilized Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Measurement of Maximum Isometric Force Generated by Permeabilized Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Published on: June 16, 2015

Optical fiber-based force transducer for microscale samples.

R V Seshagiri Rao¹, Chirag Kalelkar, Pramod A Pullarkat

¹Biophysics Laboratory, Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, India.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|November 5, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed the Micro-Extensional Rheometer (MER), a versatile instrument for measuring forces across eight decades. This device precisely controls extensional strain and force, enabling advanced rheological studies.

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Last Updated: May 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biophysics
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Characterizing material properties at small scales requires precise force and displacement control.
Existing rheometers often lack the dynamic range or resolution for complex biological and material systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the Micro-Extensional Rheometer (MER), a novel force transducer.
To detail its design, instrumentation, calibration, and feedback control capabilities.
To demonstrate its versatility for various rheometric protocols and applications.

Main Methods:

Design and construction of a versatile force transducer with feedback control.
Instrumentation enabling force measurement from 1-10^8 pN and displacement from 10-10^5 nm.
Implementation of a feedback-loop algorithm for precise control of force or extensional strain.

Main Results:

The Micro-Extensional Rheometer (MER) achieves a force range of eight decades and a displacement range of four decades.
Spatial resolution is on the order of nanometers.
The feedback control enables various rheometric protocols (step-strain, step-force, exponential strain).

Conclusions:

The MER is a highly versatile instrument for rheological measurements.
It is capable of probing forces in active biological systems and materials.
The nanometer-scale resolution and broad dynamic range open new avenues in material and biophysical research.