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Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...
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A Tesla-type repetitive nanosecond pulse generator for solid dielectric breakdown research.

Liang Zhao1, Ya Feng Pan, Jian Cang Su

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A new Tesla-type pulse generator was developed for researching solid dielectric breakdown. This nanosecond pulse generator achieves 300 kV and operates at high repetition rates, enabling detailed breakdown studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Pulsed Power Systems

Background:

  • Solid dielectric breakdown is critical in pulsed power systems.
  • Understanding nanosecond-scale breakdown phenomena is essential for material development and system reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a Tesla-type repetitive nanosecond pulse generator for solid dielectric breakdown research.
  • To investigate the breakdown characteristics of common insulation materials under high-voltage nanosecond pulses.

Main Methods:

  • A Tesla-type pulse generator was constructed with a built-in transformer and gas-gap switch.
  • The generator features adjustable pulse polarity and repetition rates (1-50 Hz).
  • A real-time measurement and control system was integrated for precise experimental control.

Main Results:

  • The generator produces pulses with a 10 ns width, 3 ns rise/fall times, and up to 300 kV amplitude.
  • Preliminary experiments demonstrated the generator's capability to study solid dielectric breakdown on a nanosecond timescale.
  • The system successfully conducted experiments on various insulation materials.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Tesla-type nanosecond pulse generator is a viable tool for solid dielectric breakdown research.
  • The generator's parameters and control system facilitate detailed investigation of breakdown mechanisms.
  • This research contributes to advancing the understanding of material behavior under extreme electrical stress.