Symptoms of alcohol dependence and smoking initiation and persistence: a longitudinal study among US adults

Renee D Goodwin1, June H Kim, Andrea H Weinberger

  • 1Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Abstract

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