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[Staphylococcus aureus broncho-pulmonary infections]

F Valour1, N Chebib2, Y Gillet3

  • 1Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.

Revue De Pneumologie Clinique
|November 5, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Staphylococcus aureus causes community-acquired pneumonia, especially in the elderly, and severe necrotizing pneumonia in young individuals. Treatment for S. aureus pneumonia involves high-dose antibiotics and, in severe cases, intravenous immunoglobulin.

Area of Science:

  • Bacteriology
  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a significant cause of pneumonia, ranging from community-acquired to hospital-acquired infections.
  • Specific strains producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin are linked to severe necrotizing pneumonia, particularly in young individuals after influenza.
  • Methicillin resistance in S. aureus is a critical factor in cystic fibrosis and hospital-acquired pneumonia outcomes.

Purpose:

  • To outline the role of Staphylococcus aureus in various pneumonia types.
  • To describe the clinical presentation and treatment strategies for S. aureus pneumonia.
  • To highlight the impact of antibiotic resistance and specific toxins on pneumonia severity and outcomes.

Summary:

  • Staphylococcus aureus accounts for 2-5% of community-acquired pneumonia, primarily in elderly patients with comorbidities or following viral infections.
  • Necrotizing pneumonia, associated with Panton-Valentine leukocidin, affects young individuals and carries a high mortality rate (50%), requiring high-dose anti-staphylococcal penicillin, clindamycin, and potentially intravenous immunoglobulin.
  • In hospital-acquired pneumonia, S. aureus is common (20-30%), often methicillin-resistant, necessitating glycopeptides or linezolid.

Impact:

  • Understanding S. aureus's diverse roles in pneumonia is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
  • Identifying toxin-producing strains and antibiotic resistance patterns guides therapeutic decisions and improves patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to define the role of newer antibiotics in managing resistant S. aureus pneumonia.
Keywords:
Broncho-pulmonary infectionHospital-acquired pneumoniaLeucocidine de Panton-ValantinePanton-Valentin leukocidinPneumopathiePneumopathie nococomialeStaphylococcus aureus

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