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Evaluation of Microbial Safety of Dairies using Bacterial Proteomic Profiling via MALDI Approach
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Do farm audits improve milk quality?

A Flores-Miyamoto1, M W Reij2, A G J Velthuis3

  • 1Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Business Economics, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Journal of Dairy Science
|November 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Dairy farm audits effectively reduce total bacterial counts (TBC) in bulk milk for at least six months. Audits provide valuable advice on factors influencing milk quality, leading to improved dairy farm management and milk hygiene.

Keywords:
bulk milkcertification schemehygienesecond-party audit

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Area of Science:

  • Dairy Science
  • Food Safety
  • Agricultural Auditing

Background:

  • Milk quality is crucial for the dairy industry, assessed through bulk milk analysis and farm audits.
  • The impact of dairy farm audits on milk quality, specifically total bacterial counts (TBC), was previously unquantified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effect of dairy farm audits on bulk milk total bacterial counts (TBC) in the Netherlands.
  • To identify factors associated with variations in TBC values following farm audits.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from over 13,000 audits and 325,150 bulk milk samples from 12,855 dairy farms.
  • Utilized a linear mixed-effects model (REML) to assess changes in TBC before and after audits.
  • Examined associations between TBC and variables such as seasonality, audit findings, and maintenance practices.

Main Results:

  • Total bacterial counts (TBC) were 2-6% lower for up to six months post-audit.
  • Higher TBC values correlated with more attention points, negative audit results, and poorer maintenance.
  • Rejected farms showed the highest TBC, while approved farms had the lowest.

Conclusions:

  • Dairy farm audits significantly improve milk quality by reducing TBC for an extended period.
  • Audits offer dairy farmers actionable advice on managing factors affecting milk bacterial load.
  • Audit outcomes and specific maintenance practices are key indicators of bulk milk TBC.