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Evaluation of the In vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyanhydride IL-1α Nanoparticles

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Published on: June 28, 2021

Interleukin-1α.

Peleg Rider¹, Yaron Carmi², Elena Voronov³

¹Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Seminars in Immunology

|November 5, 2013

Summary

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is a crucial alarm molecule released during cell damage, initiating inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. It also acts as a dual-function cytokine, regulating transcription and cell surface receptor binding, impacting both immunity and disease.

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Published on: May 22, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) is often overshadowed by IL-1β in clinical research, despite its distinct roles in inflammatory diseases.
IL-1α is constitutively intracellular in most resting non-hematopoietic cells and upregulated during hypoxia.
Its intracellular presence and upregulation highlight its unique role beyond IL-1β.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the distinct functions of IL-1α in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
To highlight IL-1α's dual role as an alarm molecule and a transcriptional regulator.
To differentiate IL-1α's functions from those of IL-1β.

Main Methods:

Review of existing clinical and molecular studies on IL-1α.
Analysis of IL-1α's intracellular and extracellular functions.
Examination of IL-1α's role in cell necrosis, inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

IL-1α acts as an early alarm molecule upon cell necrosis, mediating neutrophil recruitment.
IL-1α possesses a nuclear localization sequence, enabling it to regulate transcription, functioning as a dual-cytokine.
Membrane-bound IL-1α can enhance anti-tumor immunity, while released precursor IL-1α promotes tumor invasiveness and angiogenesis.

Conclusions:

IL-1α plays a critical, distinct role in inflammation and disease pathogenesis.
Its dual function as an alarm molecule and transcriptional regulator is key to its activity.
IL-1α's complex roles in cancer warrant further investigation for therapeutic strategies.