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No anticipation without intention: response-effect compatibility in effect-based and stimulus-based actions.

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Anticipating action outcomes depends on whether you focus on the effect or the stimulus. Explicit instructions guide this choice, showing intention, not automaticity, drives outcome anticipation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Action Control

Background:

  • Goal-directed behavior involves anticipating action outcomes.
  • Anticipation can be context-dependent, with inverted response-effect relationships.
  • Action control can be effect-based or stimulus-based.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if contextualized effect anticipation depends on action control style (effect-based vs. stimulus-based).
  • To investigate if explicit instructions determine the adoption of control styles.
  • To understand the role of intention in anticipating visual effects.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed behavioral impact of spatial compatibility between responses and anticipated effects.
  • Manipulated task-irrelevant spatial features linked to effects.
  • Used two experiments with explicit instructions for different control styles.

Main Results:

  • A compatibility effect was observed only in effect-based instruction blocks.
  • No compatibility effect was found in stimulus-based blocks.
  • Subjects could switch between control styles flexibly.

Conclusions:

  • Contextualized anticipation of visual effects is not automatic.
  • The intention to produce an effect is crucial for contextualized anticipation.
  • Explicit instructions effectively guide action control style adoption.