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Biology of the TAM receptors

Greg Lemke1

  • 1Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|November 5, 2013
PubMed

Insights

The TAM receptors (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) regulate adult tissue homeostasis and immune responses. Dysfunctional TAM signaling contributes to chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer progression.

Area of Science:

  • Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
  • Cellular Homeostasis
  • Immunology

Background:

  • TAM receptors (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) are receptor tyrosine kinases.
  • Unlike other tyrosine kinases, TAMs do not play essential roles in embryonic development.
  • They are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in adult tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the homeostatic regulatory roles of TAM receptors in adult tissues.
  • To understand the involvement of TAM signaling in immune function and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the known functions and implications of TAM receptors and their ligands (Gas6, Protein S).
  • Analysis of TAM signaling roles in immune, reproductive, hematopoietic, vascular, and nervous systems.
  • Review of literature on TAM deficiencies and aberrant signaling in human diseases.

Main Results:

  • TAM receptors are vital for efficient efferocytosis (phagocytosis of apoptotic cells).
  • They act as inhibitors of the innate inflammatory response to pathogens.
  • Deficiencies in TAM signaling are linked to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
  • Elevated TAM signaling is associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance.

Conclusions:

  • TAM receptors are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis and immune responses in adults.
  • Dysregulation of TAM signaling has significant implications for human health, including autoimmune diseases and cancer.

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