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Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Kinematic Analysis of Cell Division and Expansion: Quantifying the Cellular Basis of Growth and Sampling Developmental Zones in Zea mays Leaves
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Nuclear DNA amount, growth, and yield parameters in maize.

D P Biradar1, D G Bullock, A L Rayburn

  • 1Agronomy Department, University of Illinois, 320 Plant and Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, 1201 W. Gregory, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|November 5, 2013
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Summary

Maize nuclear DNA content significantly impacts its agronomic potential. Higher DNA amounts correlate with reduced growth and yield in Zea mays, suggesting the nucleotype influences crop performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Agronomy
  • Maize breeding

Background:

  • Nuclear DNA content varies extensively in Zea mays (maize).
  • Understanding this variation's impact on agronomic potential is crucial for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between nuclear DNA amount and agronomic traits in southwestern US maize populations.
  • To assess the influence of nucleotype on maize growth and yield parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Collected yield and growth data from 12 open-pollinated maize populations.
  • Grew populations in replicated plots under controlled conditions.
  • Analyzed correlations between nuclear DNA amount and various growth/yield parameters at 30 and 60 days after planting (DAP).

Main Results:

  • All measured growth and yield parameters showed a negative correlation with nuclear DNA amount.
  • These negative correlations were more pronounced at 60 DAP compared to 30 DAP.
  • Agronomically significant traits like ear weight, seed weight, and seed number per plant were negatively correlated with DNA content.

Conclusions:

  • The nucleotype significantly influences the agronomic phenotype in maize.
  • Nuclear DNA amount is a key factor in determining maize performance.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the role of nucleotype in maize breeding.