Self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an ophthalmic drug delivery system. Part I: influence of process parameters on their preparation studied by experimental design

To develop self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for keratoconus treatment, a formulation containing riboflavin a water-soluble drug, two surfactants (poloxamer 407 and mono acyl glycerol - monoolein-) and water was optimized and prepared by emulsification and a homogenization process. A fractional factorial design was applied to estimate the main effects and interaction effects of five parameters on two responses, namely particle size and encapsulation efficiency. The five parameters are the temperature of the two phases, the duration of emulsification, the presence of heating during homogenization, the number of passes and pressure. The most influent parameters are the presence of heating during the homogenization and the pressure that led to the production of nanoparticles with an average size of 145 nm and an average encapsulation efficiency of 46%.