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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Identification of enteric viral pathogens in Tanzanian children under the age of five with diarrhea using nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing.

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Sources and transmission dynamics of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Shigella</i> using culture-independent molecular methods in Tanzania (SCAT): a protocol for a prospective observational cohort study.

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Kinetics of Enteric Pathogen Quantity During Acute Diarrhea in Children in Resource-Limited Settings.

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Impact of Asymptomatic Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Infection and Co-Pathogen Burden on Intestinal Barrier Function, Linear Growth, and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: Insights from a Birth Cohort Study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
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Association between stool enteropathogen quantity and disease in Tanzanian children using TaqMan array cards: a

James A Platts-Mills1, Jean Gratz, Esto Mduma

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Haydom, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|November 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative stool pathogen analysis in Tanzanian infants revealed that rotavirus, astrovirus, and Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli are significantly linked to diarrhea. This method helps identify key enteropathogens causing illness.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Etiologic studies of diarrhea are challenged by variable diagnostic techniques and asymptomatic pathogen detection.
  • Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers a potential method to differentiate significant infections from colonization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between enteropathogen detection and diarrhea incidence in Tanzanian infants using quantitative PCR.
  • To explore the link between specific enteropathogens and poor linear growth in infants.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study was conducted on a Tanzanian birth cohort.
  • 71 diarrheal samples and matched pre-diarrheal controls were analyzed using a TaqMan Array Card for 19 enteropathogens.
  • Both qualitative and quantitative PCR methods were employed.

Main Results:

  • Qualitative detection showed no significant pathogen association with diarrhea.
  • Quantitative analysis identified rotavirus (OR=2.70), astrovirus (OR=1.49), and Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (OR=1.47) as significantly associated with diarrhea.
  • Enterotoxigenic E. coli and Campylobacter jejuni/C. coli in pre-diarrheal stools were linked to reduced linear growth.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative PCR is crucial for accurately associating enteropathogens with diarrheal disease in endemic regions.
  • This approach can improve understanding of pathogen-specific impacts on child health and growth.