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Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes01:25

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Three-dimensional comparison of static and dynamic scapular motion tracking techniques.

Kathleen F E MacLean1, Jaclyn N Chopp1, Tej-Jaskirat Grewal1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada.

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology
|November 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic and static shoulder assessments showed population-level similarities but individual differences. Caution is advised when using dynamic measures, as they may not accurately reflect static scapular motion tracking for individual patients.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsScapular motionShoulder rhythmStatic and dynamic movement

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Movement Science

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of shoulder rhythm is challenging due to the shoulder's complex anatomy.
  • Static measures are traditionally preferred for classifying shoulder rhythm and identifying pathological movements.
  • Dynamic measures offer a less burdensome alternative but their accuracy compared to static measures requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the correlation between dynamic and static measures of shoulder rhythm.
  • To assess the representativeness of dynamic measures using the same acromion marker cluster scapular tracking technique.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed five shoulder angles in 24 participants during humeral elevation in frontal, scapular, and sagittal planes.
  • Employed both dynamic (raising and lowering) and static scapular tracking techniques.
  • Utilized ANOVAs to analyze differences across planes, elevation angles, and tracking techniques.

Main Results:

  • All tested factors (plane, elevation angle, tracking technique) showed significant differences (p<0.001) for most shoulder angles.
  • Tracking technique significantly influenced measurements (p<0.001), though mean differences were generally below 5°.
  • Substantial individual variation in the differences between static and dynamic measures was observed.

Conclusions:

  • While population averages for dynamic and static shoulder assessments may align, individual measurements can differ significantly.
  • Dynamic shoulder assessments may not consistently reflect findings from static scapular motion tracking.
  • Clinical application of dynamic shoulder assessments requires careful consideration due to potential individual variability.