[A case ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination]

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Surgical Oncology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically arises from the liver parenchyma.
• Ectopic HCC, originating outside the liver, is exceptionally rare and poses diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

• An 83-year-old male presented with liver dysfunction and significantly elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
• Imaging revealed a 3cm tumor near liver segment 6, supplied by the gastroduodenal artery, without clear parenchymal connection.
• Intraoperative findings included bloody ascites and peritoneal dissemination.

Findings:

• Histopathological analysis confirmed moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, detached from the liver parenchyma, diagnosing ectopic HCC.
• The tumor exhibited peritoneal metastasis, indicating advanced disease at presentation.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering ectopic origins for liver tumors, especially with atypical imaging and vascular supply.
• Early detection and surgical management are crucial for ectopic HCC, even with peritoneal dissemination.
• Further research into the pathogenesis and optimal treatment strategies for ectopic HCC is warranted.